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Drmswl krqwrpur swD sMgq
scKMf vrqwieAw
krqwr pur
swihb is`KI dw sB qoN pihlw sQwn hY, jo
pwiksqwn dI srh`d AMdr rwvI dirAw kMFy mOjUd hY[ieQy gurU nwnk 18 swl rhy
qy s`c dy Drm dI nIh r`KI[ijQy swihb ny is`K Drm dw AmlI rUp (pRYktIkl)
Kud jI ky disAw; KyqI kIqI,gRsq inBweI, jwq pwq Kqm krky Bwrq dI DrqI qy
pihlI vwr sB nUM lMgr dI ieko pMgq 'c bYTw id`qw[ qy d`isAw ik ikvyN s`c
nUM jIvn ivc Fwl ky, Bwxw mMnidAW hoieAw krqwr nUM Awpxy AMg-sMg, AnuBv
krnw huMdw hY[ Drm dy mwrg qy, ivKwvy qy krmkWf ivArQ hn[ bMdw iPr KuSI,
gm qy fr qoN aupr auT cVdI klw qy AnMd vwlw jIvn ijaudw hY nhI qW icMqw
ivc gRisAw rihMdw hY[ ieQy hI BweI lihxy nUM guirAweI dy ky gurU AMgd bxw
id`qw qy Awp joqI joq smw gey[ v`fy rh`s dI gl hY ik ieQy gurU swihb dI
muslmwnw pivqr kbr dy nwl smwD vI mOjUd hY qy iek qIsrI smwD Bwrq vwly
pwsy hY[ pwiksqwn ny ies sQwn qk Kulw lWGw dyxW mMn ilAw hY[ijsdw mqlb ik
lok ibnw pwsport dy pwiksqwn AMdr jw skxgy[ pr AwpxI srkwr ies sMbMD ‘c
cup hoeI bYTI hY[ is`KW dw mMnxw hY ik aupmhWdIp ‘c Amn qW hI ho skdY jykr
ies srb swJy sQwn dI swr leI jwvy jo ipCly 56 swlW qoN AxgoilAw ipAw hY[
sMgqW hr m`isAw qy sMgrWd (nwnkSwhI) qy ies
lWGy dI Kul leI srh`d qy jw ky Ardws krdIAW hn[
krqwpur rwvI iknwrw (Bwrq-pwk srh`d
qoN
3 iklomItr) ijlw nwrovwl, pwiksqwn (swhmxy fyrw bwbw nwnk ijlw gurdwspur
Bwrq )
fyrw bwbw nwnk AMimRqsr qoN 54 iklomItr, btwly qoN 35 iklomItr qy
gurdwspur 39 iklomItr, nnkwxw swihb qoN lwhOr rsqy 180 iklomItr[krqwrpuur
lhOro ryl vI jWdI hY c`k AmrU vwlI lweIn qy drbwr swihb nW dw stySn hY[
srh`d qoN koeI 3 iklomItr, pwiksqwn AMdr rwvI dy prly iknwry qy siQq hY[
fyrw bwbw nwnk dI iksy vI aucI Qw qoN nzr vI AwauNdw hY[
pwiksqwn ny ibnw pwsport lWGw dyx dw AYlwn kIqw hY
Aloikk khwxI krqwr pur dI
Ì A`j k`l jo fyrw bwbw nwnk ksbw hY, iesdy iblkul nwl hI ipMf p`Koky hY,
ij`Qo dw mShUr is`K Aijqw rMDwvw hoieAw hY[ ijs kol gurU nwnk AwieAw krdy
sn[ ieQoN 12 iklomItr dUr klwnOr (m`Dkwl dw mShUr Sihr ijQy Akbr dI
qwjpoSI hoeI sI) ivKy audoN dI srkwr dw v`fw Aihlkwr rwjw kroVI ml invws
krdw sI[ jo gurU swihb jI nwl eIrKw krn l`g ipAw[ iek idn swihb nUM
igRPqwr krn dy mksd nwl jdoN rvwnw hoieAw qW GoVy dI rkwb qoN pYr iqlkx
kwrn if`gw qy byie`zq hoieAw[ Agly idn iPr jdoN dubwrw ciVAw qy rsqy iv`c
idsxw bMd ho igAw[ iPr jd hMkwr Kqm ho igAw qW inmwxw bxky nMgy pYrIN gurU
swihb jI dI Srn igAw qy is`K ho inbiVAw[ eysy ny hI 100 ivGw zmIn pMQ nUM
ByNt kIqI[ gurU swihb ny bkwiedw mohVI g`f ky is`KI dy pihly sQwn: krqwr
pur dI nINh imqI 13 mwG sMmq 1572L r`KI[rwjw kroVI ml ny Drmswl vI bxvweI[
keI Ajoky ilKwrIAW ny ieh iliKAw hY ik gurU swihb AwpxI shury FyrI qy
krqwrpur vswieAw hY jo glq hY[kroVI ml vwlI swKI bkwiedw purwqn gRMQW ivc
vI imldI hY[rwjw kroVI ml dI Elwd iv`coN hI Bgq rwm hoieAw hY jo mhwrwjy
rxjIq isMG dy drbwr iv`c bKSI sI[(A`j rwjw kroVI ml dI klwnOr ivKy Xwdgwr
bxwaux dI jrUrq hY)
Ì gurU swihb ny krqwrpur Aw ky pIrW PkIrW vwly k`pVy lwh id`qy qy Awm
sMswrI lokW vwly k`pVy pw ley[ gurU swihb jI dy isr qy p`g huMdI, moiFAW
qy prnw qy qyV cwdr huMdI[soFI imhrbwn vwlI swKI muqwibk isr qy jUVw hMudw[
subwh svyry kIrqn huMdy bwxIAW pVIAW jWdIAW sn[
Ì mhwrwStr dy iek kvI ny 1774 eI.'c iliKAw ik gurU swihb ny jo Drmswlw
bxweI so auh msjd dI inAweI sI[ “gurU dw pihrwvw vI A`Dw muslmwnW vwlw qy
A`Dw ihMdUAW vrgw sI[”
Ì bwkI dIAW iqMn audwsIAW gurU swihb krqwr pur qoN hI rvwnw hoey sn[ (gurU
jI dw pirvwr vI iPr ieQy hI Aw visAw[pihlW klWnOr rhwieS kIqI qy iPr bydI
p`Koky Aw gey[)
Ì ieQoN hI swihb vtwlw, isAwlkot, lhOr, p`tI, it`lw bwl gudweI Awid sihrW
dI sYl (audwsI) leI gey[
Ì ie`k joDw nwmI guru dw is`K ipMf KfUr vsdw sI[ ausy ipMf dw ie`k lihxw
nwmI qRyhx K`qrI dyvI dw s`cw aupwsk sI[ lihxy ny joDy koloN gurU nwnk jI
bwry suixAw hoieAw sI[ ie`k vwr lihxw Awpxw sMg (j`Qw) lY ky vYSno dyvI dy
drSnW nUM jw irhw sI[ rwq auhnW p`Koky pVwA kIqw[ mnHyry jd bwkI dy swQI
su`qy hoey sn qW lihxw Awpxy GoVy qy svwr ho krqwrpur nUM rvwnw hoieAw,
rsqy iv`c ausnUM ie`k bzrug imilAw ijs pwsoN lihxy ny gurU jI dy fyry bwry
puiCAw, bzurg ny ausdy GoVy dI lgwm PV leI qy ikhw ik myry ip`Cy-ip`Cy
Awaudy clo[ krqwrpur phuMc jd lihxw Awpxy GoVy nUM iklHy nwl bMn ky gurU
jI nUM imlx igAw qW, pqw l`gw auh bzurg Kud gurU nwnk dyv jI Awp hI sI[
lihxw bs auhnW dw hI ho ky rih igAw qy bwAd ivc gurU jI ny ausnUM is`KW dw
dUsrw gurU Qwp ky gurU AMgd bxw idqw[
Ì ieQy hI swihb dy hukm muqwibk gurU AMgd ny SbdW dI cox qy qrqIb dy
gurbwxI dw Durw jpujI iqAwr kIqw[
Ì swKIAW Anuswr BweI blvMf kIrqnIey L gurU sihb ny Awp sunyhw Byj krqwrpur
s`d ilAwdw sI[
Ì krqwrpur ivKy AwauNdy jWdy vwsqy do vkq lMgr dw ieMqjwm rihMdw sI[ (srdIAW
'c iKcVI nwl rotI qy grmIAW 'c dwl nwl) ie`k vwrI ie`k bRwhmx ny lMgr qoN
Bojn krn qoN nWh kr idqI[ gurU swihb dy hukm Anuswr ausnUM k`cI rsd dy
id`qI geI sI[ pr cu`ly vwsqy jdoN jgHW pu`tI qW Q`ilE ku`qy dw ipMjr inkl
AwieAw[ iPr dUsrI jgHw jd KodI qW kIVIAW dw BOx inkl AwieAw[ AwiKr hwr ky
gurU swihb jI dy crxI lgw qy igAwn dI pRwpqI kIqI[ (gurU gRMQ swihb ivc
drj hY ik gurU AMgd jI dy drbwr ivc vI lMgr cldw sI[ so ieh kihxw glq hY
ik lMgr qIsry sihb ny SurU kIqw)
Ì klwnOr dy sYdy qy Gyho iK`jr Kvwjw dy Bgq sn jdoN auhnW suPny 'c vyiKAw
ik Kud Kvwjw (pwxI dw dyvqw) vI gurU jI dw Bgq hY qy m`CI dI ByNt gurU jI
nUM krdw hY qW auhnW nUM vI igAwn ho igAw[
Ì ieQy gurU swihb ny is`KW dw iemiqhwn lieAw sYNkiVAW ivcoN isrP lihxw hI
Krw auqirAw[ audoN keIAW dI kuq`ky (fMfy) nwl Bugq vI svwrI[ pRIiKAw vyly
bwbw buFw, p`KoikAW dw sDwrn, BgIrQ qy lihxw hI pUry auqrdy[ pr sB qoN v`D
nMbr lihxy ny hI ley[
Ì swihb dy hor SrDwvwn syvkW ivcoN mUl cMd sxK`qw, ipRQIm`l, BweI lwlo,
BweI kwlw, BweI mIhW, Aijqw rMDwvw, mwxk bRhmx, suKw qKwx, pIrw luhwr,
DIrU nweI, inhwlw rMDwvw, dlyl pTwx, sMqw, kmwlIAw qy BweI bwlw qy mrdwnw
hoey hn[
Ì gurU swihb AwpxI mOj muqwibk Bys vI bdldy[ iek vwrI ienHW Dwxk (iSkwrI
sWsI) dw ByK Dwrn kIqw[Awpxy Awp L nIcW qoN vI nIc ikhw[nwnk dunIAW dw
pihlw pYgMbr sI ijs ny eynI inmrqw ivKweI qy A`j qoN 500 swl pihlW ‘ACUqW’
L gl nwl lwieAw[
Ì rwvI iknwry iek vyrW dIvwn lweI bYTy sn ik kuJ SrwbI muMfy KrmsqI krI
jwx[ ijs qy is`KW cwihAw ik gurU jI aunW L fwt mwrn[ pr gurU jI ny Skwieq
krn vwilAw L ikhw ik mYL qW sB SrwbI hI njr Awvdy ny[ iksy L mwieAw dw nSw,
iksy L kwm dw nSw iksy L koeI qy iksy L koeI, mrn sB ny ivswr riKAw hY[
Ì byby nwnkI swihb dI BYx sI ijs ny sB qoN pihlW gurU jI L pCwixAw ik auh
Akwl purK nwl iek imk hn[byby jI sulqwn pur loDI dy jY rwm aup`l nwl
ivAweI hoeI sI[ qlvMfI dw hwkm rwie bulwr swihb swihb L pCwnx vwlw dUsrw
sKS hoieAw hY[(swihb dy ipqw dw nW mihqw kwlU ptvwrI sI qy mwqw dw nW
iqRpqw sI[ swihb dI vhutI dw nW GMumI (sul`KxI)sI auh btwlw dy cony KqrI
mUl cMd dI DI sI- pykw nW gubU)
Ì bwby ny jd Prmw id`qw ik auh ies sMswr qoN kUc kr rhy hn qW svwl auiTAw
ik iehnW dI pMj BUqk dyh nUM muslmwnW vWg dPnwieAw jwey jW ihMdUAW vWg
jlwieAw jwey[ swKIAW ivc iliKAw hY ik aus vkq swihb jI ny aupdys kIqw ik
myry srIr dy ie`k pwsy ihMdU qy dUjy pwsy muslmwn Pu`l r`K dyx[ svyry
dyKxw ik ij`Dr dy Pu`l kmlw jwx auh smJo hwr gey[ svyry jdoN cwdr cu`kI qW
auQoN gurU swihb jI dw srIr gwieb sI[ jd ik dovW iDrW dy Pu`l AYn qwzy rhy[
ihMdU Aqy muslmwnW ny iPr aus cwdr nUM hI A`D ivcoN pwV ky dbwieAw Aqy
swiVAw[ gurU swihb jI dI bkwiedw krqwrpur iv`c smwD dy nwl kbr vI mOjUd hY[
Ì A`sUdI d`svIN sMmq 1596 (22 sqMbr 1539) nMU gurU swihb joqI joq smwey
krqwrpur ivKy[ swrIAW jnm swKIAW Anuswr swihb dI kul aumr 70 swl 5 mhIny
qy 7 idn hY[ pr ies aumr Anuswr swihb dw jnm vswK dw bihMdw hY[ purwxIAw
jnm swKIAW qy BweI gurdws Anuswr vI vswK hI hY[pr bwly vwlI jnm swKI ny
v`fy BulyKy KVy kr rKy hn[ijs Anuswr jnm kqk puinAw d`isAw igAw hY[ jo glq
hY[ieqhwskwrW is`D kIqw hY ik pRclq (bwly vwlI) jnmswKI bwd dI ilKI hoeI
hY[EDr gurU Amrdws pwqSwh qoN hI is`KI ivc vswKI mnwaux dy sbUq imldy hn[
iPr dsm pwqSwh ny qy Kwlsy dw jnm vI vswKI hI qih kIqw[ A`j suDwrvwdI is`K
qW cwhMudy hn ik swihb dw jnm idhwVw vI vswKI qy hI mnwieAw jwey pr swfy
auh vIr jo is`KW L ihMdU Drm dw hI iek AMg mMndy hn auh gurpurb dI qbdIlI
dy iKlwP hn[ krm isMG ihstorIAn qy pwl isMG puryvwl ny ies sbMD ivc
fUMGIAW KojW krky ivroDIAW L inrauqr kr riKAw hY[
Ì BweI lihxy ny 6 swl (keI ilKwrIAW 13 swl iliKAw hY) q`k krqwrpur rih ky
gurU jI dI syvw kIqI[ swihb lihxy L ‘purKw’ kihky sMboDn kirAw krdy
sn[lihxy jI nUM gurU Qwpx vyly gurU jI ny lihxy A`gy m`Qw tyikAw qy
gurbwxI vwlI poQI vI sONp id`qI sI[Ì BweI lihxy dw swihb pRqI isdk, SrDw
qy pUrn Brosy dIAW audwhrxW pVHn qy A`KW Br AwaudIAW hn[
Ì sMmq 1741ibkrmI (1684 eI.) nUM rwvI dy hVH kwrn smwD qy kbr nUM v`fw
nukswn phuMicAw[ is`K mMndy hn ik ieh vI gurU swihb jI dI hI krnI sI,
ikauNik gurU swihb gorW Aqy mVHIAW pUjy jwx qy iKlwP sn[ pr iPr vI bydIAW
ny krqwrpur qoN Bsm vwlI gwgr ilAw ky p`Koky lwgy dPnw id`qI[ ij`Qy A`j
k`l srjI dy KUh aupr gurduAwrw dyhurw swihb mOjUd hY[ so ies pRkwr gurU
swihb dIAW iqMn smwDW ho jWdIAW hn[ (ieh smwD Bwrq fyrw bwbw nwnk Bwrq
AMdr pYNdI hY)
Ì fyhry vwly drbwr swihb dI mhwrwjw rxjIq isMG dy hukm Anuswr jrnYl srdwr
suD isMG ny mOjUdw iemwrq sMmq 1884 ivc bxvweI[mhwrwjy duAwrw cVweI geI
sony dI pwlkI dunIAW dI sB qoN KubsUrq pwlkI hY[ies qoN pihlW syvw rwjy
cuMnI lwl hYdrwbwdIey ny sMmq 1801 'c kIqI sI[pr krqwrpur dI mOjUdw iemwrq
dI murMmq v`fy p`Dr qy lwlw Swm dws ny 1911 eI.nUM krvweI sI[
Ì rwvI dw krqwr pur nwl Atu`t irSqw hY[Biv`K ivc jy ikqy kwr syvw hovy qW
rwvI nUM bMn bxw ky dUr r`Kx dy bjwey iblifMg AYn rwvI dy aupr bxweI jwvy[
ijvyN p`ul dy Q`ilEN pwxI lMGdw hY[
Ì ie`Qy hI gurU swihb jI ny AwpxI mwstr pIs bwxI bwrhmhW dI rcnw kIqI [ieh
swihb dI AwKrI bwxI hY[
Ì krqwrpur hI gurmuKI ilpI dw punr jnm sQwn hY[hwlWik ilpI qW bhuq purwxI
hY pr gurU sihb vyly ieh lg pg Kqm hox iknwry sI[ audo ies dy Al`g Al`g nW
hoieAw krdy sn[
Ì A`j iPr gurU nwnk dI pMjwbI bolI dI hwlq Krwb ho rhI hY[ lokI DVw DV
ihMdI dy lPz vrqky rlw pw rhy hn[ hor qy hory A`j Ku`d is`KW ny gurbwxI vI
ivgwV ky pVHnI SurU kr id`qI hY[ ijvy A`j s A`Kr nUM S krky pVHn dw PYSn
SurU ho igAw hY[jd ik A`j qoN A`DI sdI pihlW pMjwb dy ielwky ivc S bolx dw
cln nhI sI[ hux vI ipMfW dy AnpV lok qy pwiksqwnI pMjwb ivc lok s hI boldy
hn[ pr ihMdI dy rly qy tYlIvIzn dy Asr sdkw hux aucwrn gurU sihb vwlw nhI
kr rhy[lok kih rhy hn 'dySI iGE, sq SRI Akwl, pRSwd, S`kr, AwSw, SIS, SoBw,
Slok, SuBicMqk, pSU, eISr, inScw,pRdyS, AkwS,AdyS, ipSqw Awid[
Ì krqwrpur swihb sMpUrn mnu`KqW dw hY ies nUM vMifAW nhIN jw skdw[ ies dw
sbUq iPr 1947dI Bwrq-pwk vMf vyly imldw hY- 3 jUn 1947 dy AYlwn muqwibk
pUrw gurdwspur ijlHw pwiksqwn iv`c Aw igAw, pr iPr ihMdU lIfrW dIAW koiSSW
sdkw ies qy dubwrw ivcwr hoeI qy AwiKr gurdwspur dy do toty kIqy gey, ie`k
ih`sw pwiksqwn nUM qy dUsrw ih`sw ihMdusqwn nUM, qy hYrwnI dI g`l ieh hY
ik krqwr pur AYn bwrfr dI lIk qy AwieAw[ ikauNik ieh sB dw sWJw hY[
Ì ikauik is`K lIfrW qy pRcwrkW ivc ipClI A`DI sdI dOrwn SrDw qy dUr
AMdySqw dI Gwt rhI hY ies krky is`KI dw mUl sQwn ienW ny AxgoilAW krI
r`iKAw hY[nhI qW bhuq pihlW hI vtWdrw sMBv sI jo mulkW ivc Aksr @dw rihMdw
hY[
Ì lokW ies sQwn dI swr nhIN leI[ Swied iesy krky hI ienHW donW mulkW
drimAwn nPrq dy jMgl hI ply hn[ grIb mulk hox dy bwvjUd donW dy bjt dw
v`fw ih`sw POjW qy Krc ho irhw hY[ AYtm bMb bxwey hn ienHw ny, jo sB
jwndwr cIjW qy pyV pOidAW nUM Kqm kr dyxgy[ijAwdw Kqrw BwrqI qy pwiksqwnI
pMjwb nUM hY[
Ì AMimRqsr ijlyH ivc Kymkrn dy ielwky AMdr SyK bRhm dI mzwr hY[ ij`Qy
pwiksqwnI vIr ibnW pwsport/vIjy dy Bwrq dI srh`d AMdr AwauNdy hn[ hW jdoN
dw pwiksqwn ny krqwrpur Kolx dw AYlwn kIqw hY BwrqI bI.AYs.AYP ny
pwiksqwnIAW dw Awauxw bMd kr idqw hY[
Ì iPr jMmU dy Awr AYs purw nyVy cmilAwl jgHw hY ij`Qy pwiksqwnI lok
AwauNdy jWdy rihMdy hn[
Ì pihlI jUn 2001 nUM sRI ikRSn lwl AfvwnI , aup pRDwn mMqrI Bwrq srkwr ny
cIn koloN kYlwS mwnsrovr mMidr dy lWGy vwsqy ApIl kIqI sI[ iPr sqMbr 2003
L jdoN vwjpyeI swihb (pRDwn mMqrI Bwrq) cIn gey qW aunW cIn dI srkwr nUM
mMdr dy lWGy vwsqy mnw ilAw[ kYlwS mMdr qk phuMcx ivc koeI 20- 25 idn cIn
dI shr`d AMdr pYdl clxw pYNdw hY[ jd ik krqwrpur AYn srh`d qy hY[ jy
pwiksqwn duSmx mulk hY qw cIn vI ikhVw s`jx hY ijs ny Bwrq dI l`KW eykV
jmIn qy kbjw kIqw hoieAw hY jd ik pwiksqwn ny swfI koeI jmIn qW nhI m`l
rKI[ KYr ies sB vwsqy sB qoN ijAwdw doSI swfy AkwlI lIfr hn ijnW kdI
AmnpUrbk pr kwrgr qrIky nwl Bwrq koloN lWGy vwsqy mMg hI nhI kIqI[ieh bs
gwhy bgwhy A`Dy idloN ibAwn idMdy hn ik pwiksqwn 'c rih gey gurduAwirAW dI
hwlq suDwrI jwey[ bwdl sihb dI pwrtI qW lWGy dI gl hI nhI krdI[ ienHW ipCy
bVI hwsohixI gl kIqI ik jI AsI drSnW leI dUrbInW lW idMdy hW[ BilE lokoN
A`j tI vI qy hrmMdr vI qW idKwieAw jw irhw hY[pr ikE kroVW lok drSnW leI
Aw rhy hn[ A`j AkwlI Awr AYs AYs dI cmcwigrI qy bijd hY[ vwihgurU sm`q
bKsy[
Ì lWGy nwl Bwrq dI sur`iKAw L koeI Kqrw pyS nhI Awaudw ikauik BwrqIAW ny
pwiksqwn dI srh`d AMdr jwxW hY nw ik aunW swfy Awauxw hY[
Ì pwiksqwn srkwr ny lWGy bwry ikhw hY ik auh iqMn iklomItr dy rsqy qy dohI
pwsI qwr lw dyvygI[ SrDwlU L drSn krn auprMq qurMq muVnw pvygw[pwiksqwn ny
ieh qjvIj pihlW sMn 2000 ivc kIqI jo bwr bwr duhrweI jw rhI hY[ 24 AprYl
2003, qy 22 PrvrI 2004 L vI duhrweI geI[
Ì lwGy vwsqy hr sMgrWd L sMgqW gurduAwrw colw sihb fyrw bwbw nwnk iek`qr
huMdIAW hn qy SwqmeI qrIky nwl 11 vjy srh`d vwl kIrqn krdIAW rvwnw huMdIAW
hn[ iksy nwl koeI tkrwA nhI[ ijQy srkwr hukm krdI hY auQy ruk jWdIAW hn[
DusI qy Klo ky lWGy qy AMqr rwStrI Amn leI Ardws kIqI jWdI hY[ies ieqhwsk
kwrj ivc qusI vI Swml hovo jI[ 25 rupey dy ky sMgq dy mYNbr bxo qy jIvn
sPlw kro[icTI jW tYlIPUn rWhI sMprk kro[Ð
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